+ Page 1 + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ####### ######## ######## ########### ### ### ## ### ## # ### # Interpersonal Computing and ### ### ## ### ## ### Technology: ### ### ## ### ### An Electronic Journal for ### ######## ### ### the 21st Century ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ## ### ISSN: 1064-4326 ### ### ### ## ### April, 1994 ####### ### ######## ### Volume 2, Number 2, pp.1-14 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Published by the Center for Teaching and Technology, Academic Computer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057 Additional support provided by the Center for Academic Computing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 This article is archived as CONTENTS IPCTV2N2 on LISTSERV@GUVM (LISTSERV@GUVM.GEORGETOWN.EDU) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Letter from the Publisher 2. Retrieval Instructions for Articles 3. Table of Contents and Abstracts 4. Readers' Survey 5. Editorial Board 6. Copyright Statement --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Letter from the Publisher Dear IPCT Journal Subscribers and Readers, I would like to use the space reserved for the Publisher's Letter in this issue for a very important Readers' Survey. Your information can help in several ways: e.g., it would be invaluable if we approach professional organizations about funding support for IPCT Journal, (while we don't have income from subscription fees we do have to pay the costs), to target marketing efforts for new contributors and subscribers, to make decisions about where to abstract or index the Journal, and to begin to research and understand better this emerging channel for scholarship. + Page 2 + As I just mentioned, IPCT Journal doesn't charge a subscription fee. But, I would ask for enough time from each of you to complete the following questionnaire and return it to me. Return email is the more convenient vehicle for your responses. However, for what ever reasons, if you would prefer to mail a hardcopy to me in the post or fax me your responses, the contact information is included below. The Readers' Survey follows the Table of Contents because one of the questions asks you about the contents of this issue. The 20 question survey seems long, but we don't know enough this first time to begin to target specific areas with a short questionaire. PLEASE help us to improve IPCT Journal by completing the survey and returning it to me promptly. Zane L Berge, Publisher IPCT Journal 238 Reiss Science Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 email: BERGE@GUVAX.ACC.GEORGETOWN.EDU FAX: 202-687-6003 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Retrieval Instructions for Articles GOPHER IPCT Journal, including all back issues, is available via gopher from GUVM.CCF.GEORGETOWN.EDU (or 141.161.71.1). Point your gopher to this location (port 70) and select from the top menu, "LISTSERV maintained Files and Notelogs/." Alternatively, coming in via Gopher menus, from "Other Gopher Sites" or "International Gopher Networks," follow the menus down: North America/USA/Washington D.C./Georgetown University/Information Systems/Listserv maintained Files and Notelogs. (Note: The IPCT-L Discussion List Notelogs can be found here, too.) LISTSERV Articles are stored as files at LISTSERV@GUVM.BITnet. To retrieve a file interactively, send the GET command appearing both before and after the article abstract to LISTSERV@GUVM. + Page 3 + To retrieve the article as a e-mail message add F=MAIL to your interactive message, or send an e-mail note in the following format: To:listserv@guvm.georgetown.edu ---------------------- GET IPCTV2N2 The GET command GET IPCTV2N2 PACKAGE will retrieve the entire issue. [WARNING: This will send all 7 files with a total of over 3100 lines.] The listserv's Internet address is LISTSERV@GUVM.GEORGETOWN.EDU Back issues of the journal are stored at LISTSERV@GUVM. To obtain a list of all available files, send the following message to LISTSERV@GUVM: INDEX IPCT-J. The name of each issue's table of contents file begins with the word "CONTENTS". FTP IPCT-J articles can be retrieved by FTP (File Transfer Protocol. FTP to GUVM.CCF.GEORGETOWN.EDU or 141.161.71.1, logon IPCT-J, password is GUEST. All IPCT-J files are currently archived in ASCII format only. If you experience difficulties with these instructions, please consult your local site administrator for specific instructions that may apply to your system. --------------------------------------------------------------------- + Page 4 + 3. Contents BOOK REVIEW: SET PHASERS ON STUN (AND OTHER TRUE TALES OF DESIGN, TECHNOLOGY, AND HUMAN ERROR), by Steven Casey Barrett S. Caldwell, University of Wisconsin-Madison To retrieve this article GET CALDWELL IPCTV2N2 ABSTRACT Set Phasers On Stun is a collection of 18 vignettes that author Steven Casey has collected to illustrate the problems facing humans confronted with confusing, awkward, or inappropriate examples of technology design in complex systems. If there is a moral that Casey tries to draw through all of the stories, it is that we should understand the strengths and weaknesses of technological design in any complex system, and that technology should be designed foremost to complement, to match human skills and capabilities. Lines: 156 Page numbers: pp. 15-18 To retrieve this article GET CALDWELL IPCTV2N2 __________ + Page 5 + EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA ON IMMEDIATE AND LONG TERM RECALL Loretta A. Crain, Clarion University of Pennsylvania To retrieve this article GET CRAIN IPCTV2N2 ABSTRACT With the advent of instructional technology, it is necessary to determine whether the technology is actually a more effective teaching tool than traditional teacher centered instruction. Two of the most used technologies in instruction are video and computer assisted instruction. The purpose of this research was to find out if any of these forms of instruction produces more immediate and long term recall of the information presented in them. A comparison of each individual method (computer assisted instruction, video assisted instruction, and the traditional lecture format) was used to pinpoint the particular power of each to provide for immediate and long term recall of information. This research sought to answer the questions: 1. Which instructional method will produce the greatest amount of immediate recall? 2. Which instructional method will produce the greatest amount long term recall? Lines: 475 Page numbers: pp. 19-27 To retrieve this article GET CRAIN IPCTV2N2 __________ + Page 6 + BOOK REVIEW: MARSHALL MCLUHAN: THE MEDIUM AND THE MESSENGER (1989), by Philip Marchand Robert McKenzie, East Stroudsburg University To retrieve this article GET MCKENZIE IPCTV2N2 ABSTRACT Marchand's MARSHALL MCLUHAN is a biography not of the Canadian English professor's life but of his ideas. Except for Chapters 1 and 13 (the final chapter), which detail some of McLuhan's family history, most of the writing concentrates on McLuhan, the enigma, and his frantic lifetime of generating wild yet reasonable ideas about the effects of new electronic media technology on the poor souls of the previous print generation. The biography is impeccably researched, offering more than 700 end notes referencing McLuhan correspondences and interviews with family, friends and colleagues. Lines: 157 Page numbers: pp. 28-30 To retrieve this article GET MCKENZIE IPCTV2N2 __________ COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF A NEW CONTEXT J Metz To retrieve this article GET METZ IPCTV2N2 ABSTRACT Ever since computer-mediated communication came into existence in the 1970s, researchers have used it as a tool to examine its effectiveness within organizational, interpersonal, and mass communication contexts. This paper analyzes the existing literature regarding CMC, and finds no continuity. It therefore argues for the existence of a CMC context of communication, which would guide future research along a cohesive vein, encompassing all the different sub-contexts of CMC (such as electronic mail, computer conferencing, Relay, and Multiple User Dungeons). Lines: 989 Page numbers: pp. 31-49 To retrieve this article GET METZ IPCTV2N2 __________ + Page 7 + A NIGHTMARE SCENARIO: LITERACY AND TECHNOLOGY Gerald M. Phillips ABSTRACT "The Coming Anarchy" by Richard Kaplan makes it clear that some of us enjoy extraordinary privilege. We live in a "favored" land. We are well fed in mind and body and have the luxury of toys. This essay is about our new toy, The Internet, and the impact it will have on literacy. The "happy few" that enjoy the Internet will live inside a fortress buffered from the ninety percent of the world preoccupied with survival and governed by brutish and repressive forces. The information society will not give them voice, nor can it do much to reverse the onrushing forces of starvation and dictatorship. Those of us who participate now are both pioneers and sybarites. We enjoy the rhetorical privileges Richard Lanham so eloquently describes. We who can exchange notes and look things up ought not take any of this for granted. It may be temporary. The Internet will become important only when business and government use and control it. Then we will pay money for our simple pleasures. We might well consider how much of our present discussion of philosophy, rhetoric, orality, and literacy in the electronic world is based on a pipe dream. Lines: 1100 Page numbers: pp. 50-73 To retrieve this article GET PHILLIPS IPCTV2N2 __________ + Page 8 + COUNTERCULTURAL COMPUTING (Commentary on Howard Rheingold's book, _The Virtual Community_.) Stephen L. Talbott To retrieve this article GET TALBOTT IPCTV2N2 ABSTRACT When the Sixties flower children stuck flowers down the barrels of police guns, it truly was an earth-shaking gesture. Like the lone Chinese standing in front of a tank on Tienanmen Square, this gesture symbolized the fact that something in the human being--some remaining spark of innocence and hope and bravery--held more promise for the future of society than all the mechanisms of raw, earthly power. I am not sure whether the more sophisticated, electronic, "countercultural" communities of our day have kept a grip on this truth. There are some encouraging recognitions in Rheingold's book, and yet one senses in the electronic culture as a whole that a critical balance has shifted, and that the main hope today is felt to lie in the technology itself. If this is true, then no doomsaying can adequately capture the horrors of the future. Lines: 601 Page numbers: pp. 74-87 To retrieve this article GET TALBOTT IPCTV2N2 --------------------------------------------------------------------- + Page 9 + 4. READERS' SURVEY - IPCT JOURNAL Please place an X or other character beside your answers below. The term "electronic journals" (ejournals) for this survey is NOT a synonym for other forms of electronic communication like discussion lists. We are referring here to electronic entities, like IPCT-J, which publish full-length articles. 1. Using computers, I consider myself a(n): ___ beginner ___ intermediate ___ advanced intermediate ___ expert 2. Using email, I consider myself a(n): ___ beginner ___ intermediate ___ advanced intermediate ___ expert 3. My age group: ___ <20 ___ 20-29 ___ 30-39 ___ 40-49 ___ 50-59 ___ >59 4. My gender: __ Female __ Male 5. Besides the IPCT Journal, how many electronic journals do you subscribe to/receive? ___ none ___ 1-2 ___ 3-5 ___ more than 5 6. Where is the email address at which you received this issue of IPCT-J? City/State: Country: 7. Do you (primarily) get your copy of the IPCT Journal Table of Contents from (check one only): ____ IPCT-J@GUVM list ____ IPCT-L@GUVM discussion list ____ gopher ____ ftp site ____ Newsgroup (Usenet) ____ another discussion list online--which one? _________ ____ forwarded to you by another person ____ other source ______________________________________ + Page 10 + 8. How many articles from this issue of IPCT Journal are you likely to request in full text? __ none __ 1 or 2 __ 3 or more __ all of them If not all, which article(s) will you request? (Please list the titles or authors): 9. What criteria do you (PRIMARILY) use to choose the articles you read: (please check only one) ___ I am interested in (topic) ___ I know someone who would like to read this ___ I am researching this myself ___ This will help my work generally ___ Other -- Please describe briefly ______________________ Any additional comments? 10. If you have received previous IPCT Journal issues, how many articles did you generally request from each issue? This is my __ 1st issue __ none __ 1 or 2 __ 3 or more __ all of them __ it depends on ____________________ 11. If I had my choice, I would prefer that IPCT Journal text could be obtained in which format (check only ONE): __ on CD ROM __ on Floppy disk __ Gopher __ WWW __ FTP site __ other _____________________________________ 12. Currently, IPCT Journal is published in ASCII only. Would you prefer it to be in some other format as well, (e.g., PostScript)? __ No __ Yes If yes, which one? _______________________ 13. With regard to quality of the articles you have read, how would you characterize IPCT Journal articles compared with scholarly refereed print journals? __ better quality __ same quality __ somewhat less quality __ much less quality __ I have no basis to answer this question + Page 11 + 14. What did you expect IPCT Journal to be when you subscribed (use as much space as you wish)? 15. How well does IPCT Journal meet your expectations in the question above (use as much space as you wish)? 16. Please tell us the general nature of the organization you work for: ___ K-12 (Kindergarten through 12 years of schooling) ___ higher education ___ business, industry ___ government ___ other ______________________________________ Your field (e.g., Education, Computers, History): Your speciality: 17. If you are in Higher Education, please respond: I would characterize the behavior of administrators and members of committees who decide on retention, promotion and tenure at my college or university with regard to electronic publication of refereed journals such as IPCT Journal in the following way: __ an author receives THE SAME points for articles published in peer reviewed electronic journals as if that article was published in print __ an author receives SOMEWHAT LESS points for articles published in peer reviewed electronic journals compared to if that same article was published in print __ an author receives NO points for articles published in peer reviewed electronic journals compared to if that same article was published in print __ not applicable (I am not at a college or university) __ I don't know Do you think that electronic journals like IPCT-J should be viewed the same as print journals for promotion and tenure?) ____ Yes ____ No + Page 12 + 18. Have you ever cited an IPCT Journal article in your own work? ____ Yes ____ No 19. Have you ever sent an IPCT Journal article to a colleague? ____ Yes ____ No 20. Do you print out IPCT Journal articles or read them on- screen? __ on screen __ printed out __ both, it depends on _________________________________ THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION. --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. Editorial Board PUBLISHER: Center for Teaching and Technology, Academic Computing Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. EDITOR: Gerald M. Phillips, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Speech Communication, Pennsylvania State University EDITORIAL BOARD: Zane L. Berge, Ph.D. Director, Center for Teaching and Technology. Academic Computer Center, Georgetown University Gerald M. Santoro, Ph.D. Center for Academic Computing, Pennsylvania State University MANAGING EDITOR: Mauri Collins, M.A AEBC Utilization Assistant, WPSX Television, Pennsylvania State University + Page 13 + ASSOCIATE EDITORS: R. Thomas Berner, M.A. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Morton Cotlar, Ph.D. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HA Gordon Dixon, M.Sc., F.B.C.S. Editor-in-Chief, Literary and Linguistic Computing The Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Filip J.R.C. Dochy, Ph.D. University of Heerlen, The Netherlands William F. Eadie, Ph.D. Speech Communication Association, Annandale, Virginia Jill Ellsworth, Ph.D. Southwest Texas State University, San Marcos, TX Bradley Erlwein, Ph.D. System Six, Golden, CO Mark Evangelista, B.S. Georgetown University, Washington, DC Mark G. Gillingham, Ph.D. Washington State University, Vancouver, WA Dennis S. Gouran, Ph.D. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Ken Hirsch, Ph.D. California State University, Sacramento, CA Lawrence Johnston, B.A. American Embassy, Nouakchott, Mauretania Vladimir Klonowski, Ph.D., Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, D.Sc. Canada Donald H. Kraft, Ph.D. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA Gary L. Kreps, Ph.D. Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL Scott Kuehn, Ph.D. Clarion University, Clarion, PA Edward A. Mabry, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI Cecelia G. Manrique, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin, LaCrosse, WI Robert McKenzie, Ph.D. East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA + Page 14 + Ann Okerson, MLS Association of Research Libraries, Washington, DC David Raitt, Ph.D. European Space Agency, the Netherlands Katy Silberger, MLS Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY David E. Sims, Ph.D. Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada David L. Schroeder. Ph.D. Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN Gary Lee Stonum, Ph.D. Case Western Reserve University Silvio Stoppoloni, Ph.D. Csorzion per l'Universita a Distanza, Rome, Italy Janet Valade, Ph.D. California State University, Los Angeles, CA Rosalie Wells, Ph.D. Athabasca University. Athabasca, Alberta, Canada John W. Wooten, Ph.D. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Nancy J. Wyatt, Ph.D. Pennsylvania State University - Delaware County Campus, Media, PA ------------------------------------------------------ 6. Copyright Statement --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interpersonal Computing and Technology: An Electronic Journal for the 21st Century Copyright 1994 Georgetown University. Copyright of individual articles in this publication is retained by the individual authors. Copyright of the compilation as a whole is held by Georgetown University. It is asked that any republication of this article state that the article was first published in IPCT-J. Contributions to IPCT-J can be submitted by electronic mail in APA style to: Gerald Phillips, Editor IPCT-J GMP3@PSUVM.PSU.EDU